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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing
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Natural Food Pigments: From Biosynthesis to Application.

Zhan Shi1,2, Yue Zhao3, Jie Meng1,2

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Natural pigments from plants offer health benefits but face production challenges. Bioengineering and emerging technologies like AI are paving the way for their use as functional pigments in medicine and cosmetics.

Keywords:
industry applicationsmetabolic engineeringnatural food pigmentspharmacological activity

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Growing demand for safe, sustainable, and natural food pigments due to societal shifts.
  • Natural pigments, biosynthesized in plants, possess beneficial biological activities for health.
  • Instability and low abundance of natural pigments necessitate bioengineering advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review natural pigments, classifying them into five structural categories.
  • To integrate biosynthetic pathways, synthetic biology, and pharmacological mechanisms.
  • To explore applications in medicine, healthcare, and cosmetics, highlighting their potential as functional pigments.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of natural pigments based on five major structural categories.
  • Systematic integration of biosynthetic pathways and synthetic biology strategies.
  • Review of pharmacological activity mechanisms and application progress in various fields.

Main Results:

  • Natural pigments are categorized into pyrrole, isoprenoids, quinones, phenols, and betalains.
  • Demonstrated potential of natural pigments as functional pigments in medicinal materials.
  • Integration of emerging technologies like metabolic engineering and AI for enhanced production and application.

Conclusions:

  • Natural pigments hold significant potential for developing natural medicines and functional ingredients.
  • Cross-disciplinary approaches combining basic synthesis with high-value applications are crucial.
  • This review provides a forward-looking perspective on innovative research in natural pigment components.