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Adaptation and Validation of the 14-Item Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale Among Russian Orthodox Christian

Fedor Shankov1,2, Maria Böttche3, Annett Lotzin4,5

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. fedor.shankov@fu-berlin.de.

Journal of Religion and Health
|April 9, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
AdaptationMeasurementMental healthReligious/spiritual strugglesRussian OrthodoxValidation

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