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Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

Aggression

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
09:12

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

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Civil war among wild chimpanzees.

James Brooks1

  • 1Cooperative Evolution Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chimpanzee group violence reveals evolutionary origins of conflict and cooperation. This study explores the roots of war and peace in primate social structures.

Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Evolutionary anthropology
  • Social conflict studies

Background:

  • Understanding the evolutionary basis of social conflict and cooperation is crucial for comprehending human societal structures.
  • Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) exhibit complex social dynamics, including intergroup aggression and intragroup reconciliation, making them a key model for studying the roots of war and peace.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary underpinnings of violent conflict and peaceful coexistence within a chimpanzee community.
  • To analyze the factors contributing to a significant social schism within the group.

Main Methods:

  • Observational ethology focusing on social interactions, aggression, and reconciliation behaviors.
  • Behavioral data collection over an extended period to capture social dynamics and group fission events.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

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Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
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Published on: January 18, 2013

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Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems
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Main Results:

  • A violent split occurred within the chimpanzee group, leading to distinct factions.
  • Analysis revealed specific triggers and patterns preceding the group's fragmentation.
  • Post-split interactions indicated shifts in social dynamics, affecting both conflict and cooperation.

Conclusions:

  • The observed violent split in chimpanzees provides insights into the deep evolutionary roots of intergroup conflict and the potential for both war and peace.
  • Primate social structures offer a valuable lens for understanding the biological predispositions influencing social cohesion and division.