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Plasmon-Enhanced Raman Sensing with Metal-Insulator-Metal Metasurfaces.

Sümeyra Vural Kaymaz1, Fahd Khalid-Salako2, Hasan Sarıgül3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Türkiye.

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Summary

We developed tunable metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurfaces for ultrasensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS). These platforms achieve high electric field enhancement and enable detection limits as low as 10⁻¹⁵ M for chemical sensing.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopybowtiehoneycombmetal−insulator−metalnanotriangleplasmonic

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurfaces enhance light-matter interactions.
  • Challenges exist in achieving spectral tunability, reproducible fabrication, and ultrasensitive detection with MIM metasurfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, simulate, and fabricate MIM metasurfaces for enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
  • To optimize metasurfaces for spectral tunability, fabrication reproducibility, and ultrasensitive detection.

Main Methods:

  • Rational design and simulation using finite-difference time domain (FDTD) methods.
  • Lithographic fabrication of bowtie, honeycomb, and nanotriangle MIM metasurfaces.
  • Experimental characterization using reflection spectra and Raman sensing of molecular probes (R6G, 4-ATP, 4-CTP).

Main Results:

  • Simulated electric field enhancement factors (EF) exceeding |E|² ∼ 1600.
  • Achieved analytical enhancement factors up to 10⁷ and detection limits down to ~10⁻¹⁵ M.
  • Demonstrated broadband localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) overlap with excitation and scattering spectra.

Conclusions:

  • Lithographically defined MIM metasurfaces offer a reliable, tunable, and ultrasensitive platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
  • These metasurfaces are suitable for next-generation portable chemical and biological sensing systems.