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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
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Multifunctional Bioactive Scaffold Facilitating BMSCs-Driven Osteogenesis and Vascularization in Critical-Sized Bone

Yunze Feng1, Bingzhi Chen1, Yu Xu1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel dual-network scaffold, bFGF@CB-gel, effectively promotes bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. This bioactive material enhances bone volume and vascularization by synergistically combining mechanical support, osteogenic induction, and angiogenesis.

Keywords:
bioactive hydrogelbone defect repairbone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsbone regenerationvascular regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Critical-sized bone defects (CSDs) present significant challenges in bone regeneration due to limited mechanical support, poor osteogenic induction, and impaired angiogenesis.
  • Existing treatments often fail to address these interconnected barriers, hindering effective bone repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a dual-network bioactive scaffold (bFGF@CB-gel) for synergistic bone regeneration in critical-sized defects.
  • To investigate the scaffold's ability to provide mechanical support, deliver bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a photocurable chondroitin sulfate methacryloyl/bacterial cellulose gel (CB-gel) scaffold incorporating a bio-nano carrier for sustained bFGF release.
  • In vitro assessment of BMSC adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and endothelial cell migration/angiogenesis.
  • In vivo evaluation of the bFGF@CB-gel scaffold in a rat CSD model using micro-CT and immunohistochemical staining.

Main Results:

  • The bFGF@CB-gel scaffold demonstrated sustained bFGF release, enhancing BMSC adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation via specific molecular pathways (EGFL/Itga2b, COMP/PI3K/AKT).
  • Released bFGF promoted endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by activating the FGFR/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway.
  • In vivo studies showed a statistically significant increase in new bone volume and enhanced vascular density in the CSD rat model treated with bFGF@CB-gel.

Conclusions:

  • The bFGF@CB-gel scaffold represents a synergistic design for bone regeneration, effectively addressing mechanical, osteogenic, and angiogenic challenges in critical-sized bone defects.
  • This dual-network bioactive scaffold shows significant potential as an advanced local delivery system for BMSCs in reconstructive surgery.