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Evaluating Theory-Driven Messaging to Overcome the Barriers to Meditation: Large-Scale Digital Field Experiment.

JMIR mental health·2025
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Goal Setting and Anchoring Effects on Meditation Using a Digital Platform: Large-Scale Digital Field Study.

Michael Bowen1,2, Michael Beam1

  • 1Kent State University, 1800 E Main Street, Kent, OH, 44242, United States, 1 330 672 3000.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
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PubMed
Summary

Setting meditation goals modestly increased meditation days for users who engaged with the prompt. However, the order of goal options influenced choices and opt-out rates, impacting overall engagement.

Keywords:
anchoringappcommitmentgoal settingmeditationmindfulnessmobilenudgingprecommitment

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Digital Health
  • Mindfulness Studies

Background:

  • Meditation adoption is rising, yet habit formation remains a challenge for many.
  • Goal setting is a proven behavior change technique in health contexts, but its role in meditation is under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the link between goal setting and meditation frequency.
  • To determine if anchoring bias in goal-setting questions affects meditation behavior.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale quasi-experimental field study involving 18,559 Spotify users.
  • Participants optionally set 7-day meditation goals, with conditions varying response option order.
  • An active control group did not set goals.

Main Results:

  • Setting any goal showed a modest positive association with meditation days.
  • Higher committed goals correlated with increased meditation frequency.
  • Response option order influenced goal selection and meditation days, but also increased opt-out rates.

Conclusions:

  • Optional in-app goal setting did not alter population-level meditation engagement.
  • Among users who set goals, engagement modestly increased.
  • An uptake-engagement trade-off exists, influenced by response option design.