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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Sentence-level language processing speed in diffuse glioma: lesion location and contralesional structural

Ryuta Kinno1, Manabu Tamura2, Takashi Maruyama3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Brain and Language
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse gliomas slow sentence processing speed by damaging the left superior temporal gyrus. Brain structure complexity in the right frontal lobe may offer a neural reserve, aiding language function.

Keywords:
GliomaLanguage processing speedNeural reserveRegion of interest-based lesion–symptom mappingSurface-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Diffuse gliomas often cause cognitive deficits, notably impacting language processing speed at both lexical and sentence levels.
  • Sentence-level processing speed is critically affected, but the underlying neural mechanisms in glioma patients are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between lesion location, brain structure differences, and sentence-level language processing speed in patients with diffuse glioma.
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by glioma that correlate with slowed sentence processing.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed sentence-level language processing speed in 28 patients with left hemispheric glioma and 20 healthy controls using a picture-sentence matching task.
  • Employed region of interest-based lesion-symptom mapping to correlate lesion sites with processing speed deficits.
  • Utilized surface-based morphometry to analyze cortical thickness and fractal dimension across the brain.

Main Results:

  • Glioma involvement of the left superior temporal gyrus was significantly associated with slowed sentence-level processing speed.
  • Increased cortical complexity in the right superior frontal gyrus correlated with faster sentence-level processing speed.
  • Tumor volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus cortical complexity independently predicted processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor-induced damage to the left superior temporal gyrus disrupts core language processing in diffuse glioma patients.
  • Inter-individual differences in brain structure, specifically cortical complexity in the right superior frontal gyrus, contribute to language processing speed.
  • Findings support a neural reserve framework, where structural brain differences modulate the impact of tumor-related damage on language function.