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Comparative safety evaluation of ADAS-Equipped electric and gasoline vehicles using real-world crash data
Shengxuan Ding1, Mohamed Abdel-Aty1, Uibeom Chun1
1Smart and Safe Transportation Lab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
Abstract:
The rapid advancement of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) in automotive technology and market adoption present safety challenges due to their distinct design and operational characteristics compared to Gasoline Vehicles (GVs). A proactive approach to evaluating the safety performance of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) among BEVs and GVs is necessary to address these emerging risks. A total of 8,118 Florida crash reports with ADAS engaged were analyzed in this study, consisting of 6,052 from GV and 2,066 from BEV. Comparability between BEVs and GVs regarding ADAS safety evaluation across diverse traffic conditions was established using Propensity Score Matching (PSM), examining injury severity, environmental conditions, driver maneuvers, and vehicle types. And then a partially constrained Random Parameter Logit (RPL) model was employed to identify both the unique and shared factors influencing injury severity of BEVs and GVs. PSM showed that ADAS-engaged BEV crashes had lower injury severity (75.13% no-injury vs. 69.82% for GVs) but higher involvement in Vulnerable Road User (VRU) crashes (3.2% vs. 1.8%). The RPL model revealed ADAS-engaged BEV crash risk in work zones (+0.0057 severe injury probability), GV crash risk at processing straight and backing (+0.0042 minor injury probability), and shared risk at speeds above 61 mph (+0.0084 severe injury probability). This study offers an exploratory analysis of ADAS safety performance between BEVs and GVs using real-world crash data. These findings provide valuable insights for manufacturers and other stakeholders to inform decisions regarding the deployment and application of these technologies.
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