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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

858
Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
858
Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

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Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

2.0K
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

32.0K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
32.0K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

1.2K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

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The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

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Pulsed-potential electrolysis enhances nitrate reduction and C-N coupling upgrading.

Ziping Wang1, Jianguo Sun1, Xiaofeng Li1

  • 1Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shouguang, Shandong, 262700, China.

Nanotechnology
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3RR) and C-N coupling reactions under pulsed potentials offer a sustainable route to convert nitrate waste into valuable chemicals like ammonia and urea. This method enhances reactant concentration and restores active sites for a circular nitrogen economy.

Keywords:
Amino synthesisC–N couplingNitrate ReductionPulsed-Potential ElectrolysisUrea synthesis

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitrate waste poses environmental challenges and disrupts the global nitrogen balance.
  • Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate offers a sustainable pathway for waste valorization.
  • Pulsed-potential electrolysis shows promise for enhancing nitrate reduction and C-N coupling reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) and C-N coupling under pulsed-potential conditions.
  • To elucidate reaction mechanisms for nitrate conversion into ammonia, urea, and amino compounds.
  • To provide insights into challenges and future directions for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Summary of electrocatalytic systems for direct nitrate to ammonia conversion.
  • Review of C-N coupling reactions involving nitrate with CO2 (urea synthesis) and organic molecules (amino compounds).
  • Comparison of reaction mechanisms using theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • Pulsed-potential electrolysis enhances local concentrations of nitrate and intermediates.
  • This technique effectively restores the oxidation state of active catalytic sites.
  • Successful conversion pathways for nitrate to ammonia, urea, and amino compounds are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Pulsed-potential electrolysis is a viable strategy for efficient nitrate valorization.
  • Understanding reaction mechanisms is crucial for optimizing electrochemical nitrate conversion.
  • This approach provides a foundation for developing a sustainable nitrogen economy.