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Exercise-based interventions for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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  • 1Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise aids smoking cessation by modestly reducing cigarette consumption and temporarily decreasing cravings. This review supports exercise as a low-risk behavioral strategy for quitting nicotine.

Keywords:
ExerciseNicotine cravingsPhysical activitySmoking cessationWithdrawal symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Public health
  • Exercise physiology

Background:

  • Tobacco and e-cigarette use are significant global health issues.
  • Current nicotine cessation strategies face challenges with adherence, effectiveness, and accessibility.
  • Exercise is a potential behavioral aid, but its impact on cessation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of exercise interventions on smoking and vaping cessation.
  • To evaluate exercise's impact on nicotine cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and mood in adults.
  • To synthesize evidence from single-bout and long-term exercise studies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to March 28, 2025.
  • Included studies evaluated exercise interventions in adults for smoking or vaping cessation.
  • Outcomes assessed included abstinence rates, cigarette consumption, cravings, and risk of bias.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-nine RCTs (n=9083) were analyzed, comprising 43 exercise training and 16 single-bout studies.
  • Exercise training significantly increased continuous (RR=1.15) and 7-day point prevalence abstinence (RR=1.21), and reduced daily cigarette consumption (-2.12 cigarettes/day).
  • Single-bout exercise acutely reduced cravings up to 30 minutes post-exercise (SMD range: -0.88 to -0.52), but not long-term. No trials assessed vaping cessation.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise demonstrates modest benefits for reducing cigarette consumption and acutely suppressing cravings.
  • It shows potential as a low-risk behavioral intervention for nicotine cessation.
  • Further research is needed on vaping cessation outcomes and optimal exercise intervention delivery.