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In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis

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Complement blockade: Therapeutic promises and remaining challenges in clinical practice.

Gema Fernández-Juárez¹, Javier Azores-Moreno¹, Lina León-Machado¹

¹Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación, La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; RICORS2024, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

|April 9, 2026

Summary

The complement system significantly impacts kidney injury in glomerulopathies. Complement inhibitors offer therapeutic promise, but personalized medicine requires understanding disease heterogeneity and identifying precise intervention points.

Keywords:

Alternative complement pathway Anticomplement therapy Glomerulonefritis Glomerulonephritis Terapia anticomplemento Vía alternativa del complemento

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Immunology
Complement System Biology

Background:

The complement system is a key mediator of kidney injury in various glomerulopathies.
Complement inhibitors like eculizumab have shown success in specific conditions such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of the complement system in glomerulopathies.
To summarize current and future therapeutic advances in complement inhibition for kidney diseases.
To highlight challenges and opportunities for personalized medicine in treating glomerulopathies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of complement system's role in nephropathies.
Analysis of clinical data on complement inhibitor efficacy.
Discussion of emerging therapeutic strategies and challenges.

Main Results:

Complement system activation is central to kidney damage across a spectrum of glomerulopathies.
Complement inhibitors have improved outcomes in specific diseases, driving research into new agents.
Therapeutic strategies are limited by complement dysregulation heterogeneity and require precise intervention points.

Conclusions:

Personalized therapeutic strategies targeting the complement system are crucial for managing glomerulopathies.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges like biomarker identification, treatment duration, and cost for individualized complement-targeted therapies.