Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparative analysis of bridging stent outcomes in fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Journal of vascular surgery·2026

Same author

Canadian radiology: 2026 update.

Diagnostic and interventional imaging·2026

Same author

Assessment of particulate embolic agent distribution comparing two delivery techniques in a porcine model.

CVIR endovascular·2026

Same author

Paincontrol: identity-preserving pain expression transfer with generative diffusion models.

Biomedical engineering online·2026

Same author

Peri-procedural anticoagulation management for central venous catheter insertion in persons with cancer.

Thrombosis research·2026

Same author

Superior vena cava-to-inferior vena cava bridging stent technique for cavo-atrial junction stenosis: a case series.

European heart journal. Case reports·2026

Same journal

Poly(bromophenol blue)/CoSn(OH)<sub>6</sub> cubic particles modified pencil graphite electrode for electrochemical determination of diphenhydramine.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Dietary Chlorella, Spirulina, and acidifier modulate jejunal cytokine-related gene expression in broiler chickens.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Perceived physical activity barriers in university students: associations with fatigue and eating behaviours.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Refuge limitation structures habitat use in agricultural landscapes: evidence from Sunda pangolins.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Lightweight stateless transaction verification with outsourced witness updates for UTXO blockchains.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Efficacy of historical context and exogenous features on deep learning for cooling load forecasting in chilled water plants.

Scientific reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

Computer vision for pain detection during procedural sedation.

Yasamin Zarghami^1,2, Mohammad Goudarzi Rad³, Sebastian Mafeld⁴

¹KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. yasamin.zarghami920@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|April 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Automated pain detection using computer vision during procedural sedation shows promise for optimizing patient comfort. Further research is needed to improve accuracy and fairness across diverse patient populations.

More Related Videos

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli

Published on: April 5, 2019

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Electrical Networks Behind Complex Brain Activities and Disorders

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Electrical Networks Behind Complex Brain Activities and Disorders

Published on: November 1, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli

Published on: April 5, 2019

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Electrical Networks Behind Complex Brain Activities and Disorders

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Electrical Networks Behind Complex Brain Activities and Disorders

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

Medical technology
Computer vision
Pain management

Background:

Procedural sedation requires careful monitoring to optimize patient comfort and safety.
Pain during procedures can lead to complications and patient distress.
Current pain assessment methods can be subjective and intermittent.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a computer vision model for automated pain detection during procedural sedation.
To assess the model's performance in identifying pain events from facial expressions.
To explore potential applications in optimizing sedation and minimizing patient pain.

Main Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted with 70 participants undergoing interventional radiology procedures with procedural sedation.
Facial videos were recorded, and simultaneous pain assessments were performed by nurses.
A Swin Transformer architecture was used to train and evaluate the pain detection model.

Main Results:

The pain detection model achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.79 and an Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AP) of 0.53.
The model demonstrated reliable identification of pain events, with predicted probabilities correlating with actual pain occurrences.
Exploratory analyses indicated potential performance variations across Fitzpatrick skin tone categories, requiring further validation.

Conclusions:

Automated pain detection via computer vision is a feasible approach for procedural sedation.
Further model refinement is necessary to enhance performance, minimize false positives, and ensure fairness across diverse patient demographics.
Future systems may benefit from displaying predicted probabilities rather than relying solely on alerts to avoid alarm fatigue.