Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

25.8K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.8K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

21.2K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
21.2K
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

118.4K
Overview
118.4K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

7.4K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
7.4K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.3K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.3K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

7.5K
7.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A single nucleotide polymorphism in LRP2 is associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese population.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2010
Same author

Three-component assembly and divergent ring-expansion cascades of functionalized 2-iminooxetanes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2010
Same author

Prokaryotic expression and potential application of the truncated PCV-2 capsid protein.

Virologica Sinica·2010
Same author

Serum and urinary cell-free MiR-146a and MiR-155 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The Journal of rheumatology·2010
Same author

Peptide dendrimers as efficient and biocompatible gene delivery vectors: Synthesis and in vitro characterization.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2010
Same author

The amplification and evolution of orthologous 22-kDa α-prolamin tandemly arrayed genes in coix, sorghum and maize genomes.

Plant molecular biology·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English
14:34

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English

Published on: April 3, 2026

140

MnMR-GenA: a morphological recombination genetic algorithm for jailbreak attacks in low-resource language.

Yan Li1, Gang Wang2, Hao Wang1

  • 1College of Intelligent Science and Technology (College of Cyberspace Security), Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010080, China.

Scientific Reports
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces MNMR-GenA, a novel genetic algorithm framework to enhance jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs) in low-resource languages. The method improves prompt diversity and concealment, achieving an 80% success rate against LLMs and defenses.

More Related Videos

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.9K
Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e
07:31

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English
14:34

A Bilingual Computational Workflow for Identifying Potential PLK1 Inhibitors in American Sign Language and English

Published on: April 3, 2026

140
Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.9K
Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e
07:31

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used, raising security concerns about jailbreak attacks.
  • Low-resource languages are more vulnerable to jailbreaks due to limited data and representation.
  • Current jailbreak methods for low-resource languages lack scalability and effective prompt concealment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose MNMR-GenA, a genetic algorithm-based framework for effective jailbreak attacks in low-resource languages.
  • To enhance prompt diversity and concealment compared to existing translation-based methods.
  • To evaluate the framework's performance against mainstream LLMs and defense mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Developed MNMR-GenA, a genetic algorithm framework incorporating language-specific mutation strategies for agglutinative languages.
  • Implemented multi-granularity collaborative optimization (word, sentence, paragraph levels) to avoid local optima.
  • Integrated role-playing and scenario-nesting for improved prompt concealment.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average jailbreak success rate of approximately 80% on mainstream LLMs.
  • Maintained high attack success rates against PPL and SmoothLLM defense mechanisms.
  • Demonstrated improved prompt diversity and concealment compared to direct translation methods.

Conclusions:

  • MNMR-GenA offers a scalable and effective approach for jailbreaking LLMs in low-resource languages.
  • The framework shows robust performance against common defenses, highlighting stable attack capabilities.
  • This research contributes to understanding and mitigating LLM vulnerabilities in diverse linguistic contexts.