Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

61.7K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.7K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

9.3K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
9.3K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

5.1K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
5.1K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

11.9K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
11.9K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.7K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A collaborative guide to Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT): Methods, insights, and recommendations.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Learned statistical regularity modulates anticipatory micro-saccades toward suppressed distractor locations.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Visual Selection Is Spatially Constrained During Working Memory Consolidation.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same author

AI assists adversarial collaboration in debate on minority salience.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

35+ years of the additional singleton task: Design features and guidelines.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

Imaging the spatiotemporal dynamics of covert attention with a pupillometric probing paradigm.

iScience·2026
Same journal

Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin intermediate subunit as a potential driver of inflammation and epithelial damage in intestinal amebiasis.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

OMIDIENT: Multiomics Integration for Cancer by Dirichlet Auto-Encoder Networks.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

KCTD3 deficiency disrupts axon initial segment organization and neurite outgrowth in a neurodevelopmental disorder mouse model.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

A two-pronged strategy eliminates dissociation artifacts for high-fidelity neuroimmune single-cell transcriptomics.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Prospects of DNA nanotechnology in stroke repair and regeneration.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

A human epithelial co-culture system reveals distinct host cell interaction behaviours for Treponema pallidum.

Communications biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K

Dynamic competition between bottom-up saliency and top-down goals in early visual cortex.

Dan Wang1, Kabir Arora2, Jan Theeuwes3,4,5

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. wangdanmails@gmail.com.

Communications Biology
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Salient distractors automatically capture attention, competing with goal-directed processes. This study reveals how this attentional competition dynamically impacts early visual processing over time.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications
03:31

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.2K
Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
07:43

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Published on: June 17, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K
Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications
03:31

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.2K
Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
07:43

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Published on: June 17, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Task-irrelevant stimuli can automatically capture attention, interfering with goal-directed processing.
  • The temporal dynamics of attentional competition in early visual processing are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of attentional competition in early visual processing.
  • To understand how bottom-up saliency and top-down control interact during visual processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) combined with Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT).
  • Non-invasively tracked simultaneous early visual responses to targets and distractors.

Main Results:

  • Both targets and distractors elicited strong initial RIFT responses, indicating attentional effects.
  • Distractors attenuated initial target responses, demonstrating competition in early visual stages.
  • RIFT responses to distractors decreased over time, suggesting active suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional competition dynamically impacts early visual processing.
  • The interplay between top-down control and bottom-up saliency shapes visual cortex activity.
  • This study provides a timeline of attentional competition in the visual system.