Taurine stimulates EPO production in feline renal cells through the HIF pathway

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 30% of elderly felines, impairing erythropoietin (EPO) secretion and leading to anemia, which significantly compromises feline health. Betaine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and taurine are bioactive compounds known to modulate physiological processes, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate their potential effects on EPO secretion in renal cells and their therapeutic potential for hematopoietic system improvement and anemia treatment. Two feline renal cell lines, PETCC191 and PETCC3002, were cultured and treated with betaine, DHA, and taurine. EPO expression was analyzed using western blot (WB) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). EPO secretion was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The involvement of the HIF1α pathway was examined using the HIF1α inhibitor YC-1. Among the three compounds, taurine significantly upregulated both mRNA and protein levels of EPO and enhanced its secretion in both PETCC191 and PETCC3002 cells, even under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that taurine-mediated EPO production in feline renal cells occurs through the HIF1α pathway. Our findings demonstrate that taurine significantly enhances the synthesis and secretion of EPO in feline renal cells, suggesting its potential as a renal protective agent and a promising bioactive compound for the treatment of renal anemia in felines.