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Association of Sleep Apnea with Occlusal Pattern, Dental Age, and Parafunctional Habits in Pediatric Patients

Rishibha Bhardwaj1, Mohamed Tharwat Salama2,3, Mushir Mulla4

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|April 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric sleep apnea is linked to dental issues like increased overjet, advanced dental age, and habits like bruxism. Early screening is crucial for children

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Pediatric sleep apnea is multifactorial, influenced by craniofacial development.
  • Understanding its links to oral health is vital for early detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sleep apnea and occlusal patterns, dental age, and parafunctional habits in children aged 6-14.
  • To identify potential early indicators of sleep apnea in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study of 98 pediatric patients.
  • Sleep apnea risk screened via Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire and confirmed with polysomnography.
  • Occlusal parameters and dental age (Demirjian's method) assessed.

Main Results:

  • 38.8% of children were high-risk for sleep apnea.
  • Significant correlations found between sleep apnea risk, increased overjet, and advanced dental age (P < 0.05).
  • Bruxism, mouth breathing, and tongue thrusting were more prevalent in high-risk children (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric sleep apnea is associated with unfavorable occlusal traits, advanced dental maturation, and parafunctional habits.
  • Highlights the need for multidisciplinary pediatric screening for sleep apnea.
  • Recommends further multicentric studies with airway assessment to confirm causality.
Abstract

Keywords:
BruxismBruxismeapnée du sommeilmouth breathingocclusal patternocclusionparafonctionsparafunctional habitsrespiration buccalesleep apnea

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