Comparing the Effect of Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality, Computerized Cognitive Training, and Traditional...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

• Cognitive impairment is a prevalent non-motor symptom in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), impacting patient autonomy and quality of life (QoL).
• Innovative rehabilitation strategies like semi-immersive virtual reality (VR) and computerized cognitive training (CCT) show promise over traditional cognitive rehabilitation (TCR).
• These novel approaches may enhance engagement, specificity, adaptability, and ecological validity in MS cognitive rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy of semi-immersive VR, CCT (ERICA platform), and TCR.
• To evaluate the impact on cognitive outcomes in individuals with MS.
• To assess changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms and overall QoL.

Main Methods:

• Eighty-seven MS patients with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment were randomized into VR, CCT, or TCR groups.
• Each group received 24 sessions over 8 weeks, three times weekly.
• Neuropsychological assessments measured processing speed, memory, executive functions, emotional status, and QoL at baseline and post-intervention.

Main Results:

• All groups improved cognitively and in mood symptoms post-intervention.
• The VR group showed significantly greater improvements in executive functions, working memory, and QoL compared to CCT and TCR.
• CCT yielded selective mood and working memory gains, but overall efficacy was similar to TCR.

Conclusions:

• Semi-immersive VR is an effective and engaging cognitive rehabilitation strategy for MS, offering multisensory, adaptive, and ecologically valid stimulation.
• A hybrid model integrating VR with conventional and computer-based methods could further optimize outcomes.
• Such integrated approaches may enhance functional independence for individuals with MS.