Tracing Toxicity: A Scientometric Perspective on Three Decades of Metallic Pollutants Research

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the unchecked discharge of toxic metals, posing serious threats to ecosystems and public health. This study analyses scientometric data on toxic metal pollutants, covering publications from 1992 to 2024. About 220 documents (183 research articles and 37 reviews) were extracted from Web of Science using BibExcel and VOSviewer to explore global research trends on metal toxicity, focusing on lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), scandium (Sc), beryllium (Be), and aluminum (Al). A notable rise in research since 2000 reflects growing awareness of metal-related risks. China leads in publication output, while the United Kingdom ranks highest in citation impact. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) played a key role in advancing high-impact studies. It prioritizes funding for research in environmental toxicology and health effects of pollutants, environmental exposure and health effects of emerging toxic substances, toxicology of micro-/nanomaterials, toxicological mechanisms and health impacts of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), and prevention and control of hazardous chemicals. Keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis highlight themes such as bioremediation, nanomaterials, and detection technologies. Key research gaps include limited data on rare earth metal toxicity and the effects of chronic low-dose exposures. This study underscores the need for integrated global efforts in detecting, remediating, and mitigating risks.