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Arousal state alters brain network switching and moderates cognitive task performance.

Kimberly Kundert-Obando1,2, Haatef Pourmotabbed3, Kamalpreet Kaur4

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Neural network switching rates change with arousal, impacting cognitive performance. This study reveals how brain network dynamics, particularly in the default mode and salience networks, are linked to arousal levels and cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
EEG-fMRIarousaldynamic network switchingfMRImultilayer modularity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Arousal influences cognitive performance, but its neural basis is not fully understood.
  • Switching rate, a dynamic neural measure, is a potential marker sensitive to arousal and linked to cognition.
  • Previous research has not directly investigated how switching rate varies across different arousal states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how switching rates of key brain networks (default mode, salience, central executive) are affected by varying arousal levels.
  • To determine if switching rate can serve as a neural index for arousal-dependent cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with concurrent eye monitoring and electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Analyzed switching rates of default mode, salience, and central executive networks across different arousal states.
  • Employed eye-tracking data to objectively determine arousal states.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in switching rates were observed in the default mode and anterior salience networks across arousal states.
  • Thalamic subregions demonstrated arousal-dependent changes in switching rate, consistent across datasets and arousal measures.
  • Arousal was found to moderate the association between network switching and relational processing task performance.

Conclusions:

  • Switching rate is sensitive to arousal states and may represent a key neural mechanism underlying arousal-cognition relationships.
  • Findings suggest that dynamic network switching, particularly involving the thalamus, plays a crucial role in modulating cognitive performance under varying arousal conditions.