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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem
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A human subcortical connectome at 400 μm resolution.

Chiara Maffei1,2, Ting Gong1, Clemens Neudorfer3

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reconstructs human subcortical fiber pathways using ultra-high-resolution diffusion MRI (dMRI). The findings enable non-invasive neuroimaging for future clinical applications and provide a detailed brain circuit atlas.

Keywords:
DBSbasal ganglia circuitsdiffusion MRIthalamo-cortical circuitstractography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Subcortical fiber pathways are crucial in clinical neuroscience for treating motor and psychiatric disorders.
  • Non-invasive imaging of these pathways using diffusion MRI (dMRI) is challenging due to their complexity.
  • Current atlasing efforts often rely on synthetic data, limiting clinical applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first extensive reconstruction of human subcortical fiber pathways using ultra-high-resolution dMRI.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasive neuroimaging of these pathways at the single-subject level.
  • To provide a high-definition atlas of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ex vivo dMRI dataset from the BRAIN CONNECTS center (LINC) acquired on the Connectome 2.0 scanner.
  • Employed ultra-high-resolution dMRI for detailed fiber pathway reconstruction.
  • Developed a high-definition atlas of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical circuits.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reconstructed extensive fiber pathways of the human subcortex with unprecedented detail.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of reconstructing these pathways non-invasively at the single-subject level.
  • Created a high-definition atlas of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, with publicly released data and annotations.

Conclusions:

  • This work paves the way for in vivo reconstruction of subcortical pathways in individual patients.
  • The provided atlas offers a valuable tool for guiding neuromodulation therapies like deep brain stimulation (DBS).
  • The atlas's clinical validity is supported by alignment with DBS "hotspots" and identification of pathways linked to therapeutic effects or side effects.