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Genetic encoding of climate-responsive stomatal developmental plasticity in tomato.

Ido Nir1,2, Alanta Budrys3,4, Daniel Suraev2

  • 1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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Summary

Plant development is flexible, allowing organ size and cell composition adjustments. Researchers identified key gene variants in tomato plants that alter responses to environmental changes, enhancing resilience.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9 editingFAMAMUTESPEECHLESSSolanum lycopersicumasymmetric cell divisioncis-regulatory regionsclimate responselineage exitstomatatomato

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plants exhibit developmental plasticity, adjusting organ size and cellular makeup in response to environmental factors.
  • Leaf development involves the stomatal lineage, producing essential stomata and pavement cells, with adaptable ratios and numbers.
  • The SPEECHLESS (SPCH) transcription factor is crucial for initiating the stomatal lineage and mediating developmental flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which SPCH influences plant responses to environmental cues.
  • To identify genetic variants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that modify stomatal development in response to environmental stimuli.
  • To visualize and track the cellular dynamics of stomatal development under varying environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to modify cis-regulatory sequences of the SlSPCH gene in tomato.
  • Developed and employed live-cell tracking translational reporters for SlSPCH and its paralogs (SlMUTE, SlFAMA).
  • Analyzed stomatal development and leaf morphology in response to simulated drought, light, and temperature variations.

Main Results:

  • Identified novel SlSPCH variants affecting stomatal development in response to drought, light, and temperature.
  • Visualized cellular events underlying environmental cue-driven adjustments in stomatal production and leaf form.
  • Demonstrated the roles of SlSPCH, SlMUTE, and SlFAMA in mediating these adaptive responses.

Conclusions:

  • SPCH-mediated regulation is central to plant adaptation of stomatal development to environmental changes.
  • Novel tomato SlSPCH variants and reporters provide valuable tools for studying plant resilience.
  • Findings contribute to understanding and improving tomato crop resilience in the context of climate change.