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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Association between systemic osteoporosis and mandibular condyle characteristics: A comparative imaging study.

Parnavi Mishra1, Annette M Bhambal1, Harish Rao2

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

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Summary

This study found that patients with osteoporosis have lower bone density in their mandibular condyles compared to those without osteoporosis. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed significant differences in condylar bone density and morphology.

Keywords:
Osteoporosisbone densitycone-beam computed tomographymandibular condylmorphology

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density and altered bone structure.
  • Evaluating mandibular condyle bone mineral density (BMD) and morphology in osteoporotic patients is crucial for understanding disease impact.
  • Imaging techniques allow for comparative analysis of condylar characteristics between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and morphology of the mandibular condyle in patients with and without osteoporosis.
  • To assess the utility of Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in identifying differences in mandibular condyle characteristics related to osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 30 patients over 40 years old was randomly selected and divided into two groups: control (non-osteoporotic) and experimental (osteoporotic).
  • Systemic bone density was measured using an ultra-heel bone densitometer.
  • Condylar bone density parameters and morphological changes were assessed using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Main Results:

  • Osteoporotic subjects exhibited significantly lower bone density in the mandibular condyles compared to non-osteoporotic controls.
  • CBCT analysis revealed distinct morphological differences in the condyles of patients with osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoporosis is associated with reduced bone density and altered morphology of the mandibular condyle.
  • CBCT is an effective imaging method for evaluating these changes and differentiating between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients.