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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

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Published on: July 18, 2025

2D Nanomaterials Toward Function-Ready Superlubricity in Advanced Microsystems.

Yushan Geng^1,2, Jun Yang^2,3, Yong Yang^1,4

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|April 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials enable superlubricity by minimizing friction and wear in microelectromechanical systems. Advances in assembly and design promise reliable, energy-efficient devices through AI-guided engineering.

Keywords:

2D nanomaterials microsystems nanoscale tribology solid lubrication superlubric interfaces ultralow friction

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Tribology

Background:

Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) face limitations in reliability and energy efficiency due to interfacial friction and wear.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with van der Waals structures offer a pathway to superlubricity, minimizing friction at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles and applications of superlubricity in 2D nanomaterials for microdevices.
To outline advancements in materials assembly and device integration for achieving ultralow friction.

Main Methods:

Exploration of atomistic principles governing superlubricity, including structural and transformation archetypes.
Review of van der Waals assembly, hybrid nanomembranes, and field-tunable heterostructures for microsystem development.
Discussion of artificial intelligence (AI)-guided design and standardized tribological metrics.

Main Results:

Two archetypes of superlubricity (structural and transformation) are identified, based on lattice incommensurability and shear-induced reconstructions.
Three classes of sliding-driven microsystems are established: mechanical energy transfer, mechano-electrical conversion, and smart interfacial control.
Challenges in scaling, environmental stability, and integration for device-scale superlubricity are highlighted.

Conclusions:

Superlubricity in 2D nanomaterials offers a promising approach to overcome friction and wear in microdevices.
The convergence of AI, standardized metrics, and scalable integration is crucial for engineering reliable and energy-efficient microelectromechanical systems.