Application of a conceptual model to predict physical activity identity among Canadian adults

Evidence supports the benefits of physical activity (PA); however, many adults do not achieve recommended PA levels. Identity theories have been used to understand PA, but the antecedents of PA identity remain less clear.

This study presents an exploratory test of a conceptual model predicting PA identity strength using candidate antecedents identified in a recent narrative review.

A three-week prospective survey was administered to 570 Canadian adults. Time 1 recorded weekly self-reported minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), self-regulation domains and five candidate antecedents-social relatedness, personal investment, perceived capability, PA alignment and priority. PA identity was measured 3 weeks later (Time 2). Using a structural equation modelling approach, we explored the proposed pattern of direct and indirect paths.

The model fit the data adequately, χ² = 795.92, df = 324, CFI = .95, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .05 (90% CI = .05-.06) and SRMR = .07. Significant direct paths to Time 2 identity were observed for Time 1 MVPA, reactive regulation, self-monitoring, relatedness, perceived capability, alignment and priority (β = .11-.34, ps ≤ .04). Indirect paths from Time 1 relatedness, personal investment and priority to Time 2 identity-operating via Time 1 MVPA and self-regulation strategies (especially reactive regulation and self-monitoring)-were also significant (β = .09-.18, ps ≤ .01).

PA identity may have multivariate inputs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the proposed conceptual model and experimental work is needed to determine whether modifying these inputs changes PA identity.