Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

997
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
997
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

891
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
891
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

1.1K
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
1.1K
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

1.3K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.3K
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

3.4K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
3.4K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.5K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Where do we stand today?

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Perturbational complexity index detects subclinical cortical changes in early multiple sclerosis.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

When radiomics meets reality: can aneurysm biomarkers travel across centres?

European radiology·2026
Same author

Use of High-Efficacy Therapy in Children With Multiple Sclerosis to Prevent Long-Term Disability.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Disability profiles in progressive multiple sclerosis reflect pathology distribution, independent of clinical phenotype.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Relapse-associated worsening in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Movement disorders and Parkinson's disease: collaborative and interdisciplinary research to advance understanding of neural circuit dysfunction, pathophysiology, and care: new horizons in technology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and genetics toward personalized medicine.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Editorial introduction.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Multimodal mapping of balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a consensus roadmap for research and intervention.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Tourette syndrome: brain neurophysiology, circuit dysfunction, and neuromodulation across invasive and noninvasive approaches.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Dystonia: from phenotypes to genetics and therapeutic advances.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

What can we learn from eye movements in movement disorders and Parkinson's disease?

Current opinion in neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.2K

Cognition in multiple sclerosis.

Ermelinda De Meo1,2, Emilio Portaccio1, Maria Pia Amato1,3

  • 1University of Florence, Department of NEUROFARBA, Florence, Italy.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) impacts daily life. New biomarkers and treatments are emerging to detect disease progression and improve cognitive function in MS patients.

Keywords:
biomarkerscognitionmultiple sclerosisphenotypestreatment

More Related Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

10.1K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.2K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

10.1K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction significantly impacts daily functioning in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Limited targeted therapies exist for MS-related cognitive impairment.
  • Advances in understanding disease progression and treatment are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review contemporary advances in using cognition to detect MS disease progression.
  • Examine biological and MRI correlates of cognitive dysfunction in MS.
  • Summarize evidence for treatment effects on cognitive impairment in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fluid biomarkers (serum neurofilament light chains, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CSF markers).
  • Evaluation of advanced MRI techniques (radiomics, quantitative susceptibility mapping, network indices).
  • Review of therapeutic interventions including disease-modifying therapies and cognitive rehabilitation.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive changes reflect both acute relapse-related drops and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA).
  • Specific fluid and MRI markers show potential for identifying patients at risk of cognitive decline.
  • Higher-efficacy disease-modifying therapies and cognitive rehabilitation show positive effects on cognitive function, particularly processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Routine cognitive assessment is essential for monitoring MS progression.
  • Identifying fluid and MRI biomarkers can guide novel treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction in MS.
  • Personalized treatment approaches are needed to manage cognitive decline in MS.