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Thermally Activated Mechanoluminescence for Dynamic Multimodal Encryption and Intelligent Handwritten Digit

Wenyu Qiu1, Shuai Shao1, Yue Liu1

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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new thermal activation strategy enhances the mechanoluminescence (ML) of ZnS/Cu phosphors, enabling brighter, longer-lasting optical signals from gentle touch. This breakthrough supports advanced human-machine interfaces and security systems.

Keywords:
afterglowdynamic anticounterfeitingmechano-optoelectronic systemsmechanoluminescentthermal activation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Next-generation human-machine interfaces and security systems require materials converting touch into optical signals.
  • Existing mechanoluminescent (ML) materials often lack sufficient brightness, persistence, or require high activation stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for enhancing the ML properties of low-cost commercial ZnS/Cu phosphors.
  • To demonstrate the application of these enhanced materials in interactive terminals and anticounterfeiting platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a thermal activation (TA) strategy for ZnS/Cu phosphors.
  • Investigated the impact of TA on ML brightness, afterglow persistence, and activation stress.
  • Analyzed the underlying mechanisms, focusing on sulfur vacancies.
  • Fabricated and tested a smart interactive terminal and a dynamic anticounterfeiting platform.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a five-fold increase in ML brightness.
  • Extended afterglow persistence from 30 seconds to over 20 minutes.
  • Reduced required activation stress from 2.0 N to 0.5 N.
  • Demonstrated 99.35% accuracy in handwritten digit recognition.
  • Successfully created a dynamic anticounterfeiting platform.

Conclusions:

  • The TA strategy significantly enhances ML properties of ZnS/Cu phosphors by activating sulfur vacancies.
  • The enhanced materials are suitable for high-performance mechano-optoelectronic systems.
  • This work provides a pathway for utilizing commercial materials in intelligent interactive technologies.