Mendelian randomization study of genetic interactions between Alzheimer disease and celiac disease

Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between celiac disease (CeD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the association between CeD and AD remains debated. Therefore, this study aims to explore the causal association between CeD and AD. This study utilized publicly available genome-wide association study datasets and performed bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using methods such as inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode. In the prospective analysis, the results indicated that genetic susceptibility to CeD was associated with a decreased risk of AD (IVW OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99, P = .03). However, no significant association was found between genetic susceptibility to AD and the risk of CeD (IVW OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.98-1.23, P = .11). The results of this bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to CeD and a reduced risk of AD but failed to reveal a causal association between genetic susceptibility to AD and increased or decreased risk of CeD.