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Snooping helices: The elastic path finding algorithm of growing hyphae.

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Candida albicans hyphae exhibit complex oscillatory growth patterns under physical confinement. This study reveals how these fungal cells navigate and penetrate host tissues, offering insights into their virulence mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Mycology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Filamentous organisms like fungi make decisions at their growing tips.
  • Candida albicans hyphae are associated with severe human infections due to their ability to cross epithelial layers.
  • Previous reports suggest C. albicans hyphae exhibit helical or oscillatory growth under certain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe oscillatory growth modalities of Candida albicans hyphae under various physical confinements.
  • To unify observed hyphal behaviors under a theoretical framework.
  • To provide insight into the penetration strategy of C. albicans hyphae.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microfluidic devices to create controlled physical confinements.
  • Employed quantitative time-lapse imaging for detailed analysis of hyphal growth.
  • Developed a theoretical framework based on elastic energy minimization.

Main Results:

  • Observed sudden sliding events and curvature switching in hyphal tips, leading to oscillatory morphology.
  • Documented stable curved tips navigating against microfluidic channel walls.
  • Unified these behaviors under the "growing squeezed helices" formalism.

Conclusions:

  • Hyphal shape results from elastic energy minimization of confined helical tips followed by solidification.
  • The study offers a mechanistic understanding of C. albicans hyphal penetration.
  • This insight is crucial for understanding the virulence of this fungal pathogen.