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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

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Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Operative Time and Conversion in Urgent Cases.

Maral Peisepar1, Kartik Prabhakaran1, Rishwanth Vetri1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Robotic cholecystectomy is as effective as laparoscopic surgery for elective gallbladder removal. For urgent cases, robotic surgery shows similar operative times and fewer conversions to open procedures, especially in severe disease.

Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Technology
  • Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background:

  • Robotic cholecystectomy is increasingly used but data on operative efficiency and conversion rates, especially for elective versus urgent cases, is limited.
  • Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard, but robotic approaches offer potential advantages.
  • Understanding comparative outcomes is crucial for surgical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the operative efficiency and conversion rates of robotic versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  • To analyze outcomes based on surgical indication (elective vs. urgent) and disease severity.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of robotic cholecystectomy in different clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 350 patients undergoing minimally invasive cholecystectomy.
Keywords:
Acute care surgeryCholecystectomyLaparoscopicRobotic

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  • Patients were categorized by surgical approach (laparoscopic or robotic) and indication (elective or urgent).
  • Disease severity was classified using the World Society of Emergency Surgery grading system.

    • Main Results:

    • Operative times were similar for elective laparoscopic (91.0 min) and robotic (93.0 min) cholecystectomies, with no conversions in either group.
    • For urgent cases, operative times increased for both approaches.
    • Conversion rates were lower for urgent robotic (1.9%) compared to urgent laparoscopic (3.7%) cholecystectomies, primarily in high-grade (D) disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Robotic and laparoscopic cholecystectomy offer comparable operative efficiency and zero conversions for elective procedures.
    • Robotic cholecystectomy demonstrates similar operative times and reduced conversion rates in urgent cases, particularly for severe disease.
    • Robotic cholecystectomy is a viable and potentially beneficial alternative for both elective and urgent gallbladder disease management.