New prognostic and predictive scoring systems for colorectal cancer liver metastases

Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) remain a major therapeutic challenge, shaped by marked biological heterogeneity and unpredictable clinical outcomes. While classical Clinical Risk Scores (CRS) continue to inform surgical decision making, their static nature limits their relevance in an era defined by molecular profiling, dynamic biomarkers, and personalized therapy. Advances in genomics and liquid biopsy technologies have expanded the understanding of CRLM beyond traditional clinicopathological parameters, enabling real-time disease monitoring and more refined risk stratification. In parallel, dynamic scoring systems that incorporate evolving clinical and molecular data are redefining how risk is assessed and managed throughout the course of treatment. This review revisits classical CRS, explores emerging molecular and dynamic tools, and discusses their potential integration into clinical practice to improve patient selection, guide treatment timing, and refine the overall management of CRLM.