Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

12.0K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
12.0K
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

2.7K
Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
2.7K
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

880
Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
880
Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

613
Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
613
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

1.8K
Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
1.8K
Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions01:22

Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Descriptions

2.2K
Fluid flow analysis is critical in many scientific and engineering disciplines, and two principal approaches are used to describe this flow: the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. These methods offer different perspectives on monitoring and analyzing the motion of fluids, each with distinct advantages depending on the scenario.
The Eulerian method focuses on fixed points in space where fluid properties, such as velocity, pressure, and temperature, are observed as the fluid moves between these...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DeepMASS v2: An enhanced deep learning platform for large-scale discovery and structural annotation of unknown plant metabolites.

Plant communications·2026
Same author

Determination of fluorine in lithium cobalt oxide samples by acid digestion-ion chromatography - A preliminary study.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2026
Same author

Complete biosynthesis of the anticancer cephalotaxinone and homoerythratine.

Cell·2026
Same author

An efficient mid-infrared computational spectrometer based on synergistic microcavity-coupled photonic crystal waveguides.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Engineering an Artificial Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway from Baccatin III in Yeast.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same author

Spiking Neural Membrane Systems with Temporal Coding.

International journal of neural systems·2026
Same journal

Single-cell mass spectrometry reveals metabolic divergence mediated by contact-dependent cell-cell interactions.

Talanta·2026
Same journal

Highly sensitive hydrogel surface-enhanced Raman scattering chips with multi-analyte detection ability.

Talanta·2026
Same journal

Quality by design-based RP-HPLC methods for pharmaceutical analytical estimation: A review.

Talanta·2026
Same journal

Development of Teduglutide purity certified reference material (GBW09342) through amino acid-based isotope dilution mass spectrometry and sulfur-based isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Talanta·2026
Same journal

Maximizing molecular coverage in ultrahigh-resolution orbitrap analysis of marine dissolved organic matter using two-stage design-of-experiments strategy.

Talanta·2026
Same journal

A new HPLC-ICP-MS method for gadolinium speciation in freshwaters using ion exchange chromatography and aqueous mobile phases.

Talanta·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

8.4K

Low flow liquid flowmetry. A tutorial review.

Chuchu Qin1, Weixiong Huang2, Jiafeng Pang3

  • 1Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Advanced Synthetic Biology Institute at Hohhot, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China.

Talanta
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate liquid flow measurement below 1 milliliter per minute is essential for many applications. This review compares nine principles for microflow sensors, aiding selection for specific tasks.

Keywords:
FlowmetryLiquid flow sensingMass flow ratesPico-/nano-/micro-flow sensorsVelocimetryVolumetric flow rates

More Related Videos

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

18.2K
The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

8.4K
Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

18.2K
The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Precise liquid flow measurement at sub-milliliter per minute scales is crucial for analytical and biomedical fields.
  • Existing flow sensors face challenges in accuracy, sensitivity, and environmental parameter interference.
  • Advancements in sensor design, manufacturing, and materials have improved performance metrics like limit of detection and response speed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review liquid flow sensors operating in the sub-milliliter per minute domain.
  • To analyze critical structures and designs that enhance quantitative measurement of minute liquid flows.
  • To provide a comparative analysis of different flow sensing principles, their strengths, weaknesses, and performance metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of publications spanning three decades on microflow sensing.
  • Analysis of nine distinct principles for quantitative flow sensing in the sub-milliliter per minute range.
  • Evaluation of structural designs, manufacturing methods, and materials impacting sensor performance.

Main Results:

  • Identification of nine key principles for sub-milliliter per minute liquid flow sensing.
  • Discussion of how novel designs and materials improve sensor performance and reduce environmental impacts.
  • Presentation of a comparative summary of performance metrics for different sensor types.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of various flow sensing principles is vital for developing advanced microflow meters.
  • The review aids in selecting appropriate sensors for specific microflow measurement tasks.
  • Future prospects in micro/nano/picoscale flowmetry face challenges and opportunities in further enhancing measurement capabilities.