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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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Programming precision tolerance: Antigen-gated IL-10 release sharpens CAR-Treg therapy

Fatih Noyan1, Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
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No abstract available in PubMed .

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