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How Hospice and Palliative Care Are Portrayed in Artificial Intelligence-Generated Images: A Content Analysis
Anna Gaysynsky1,2, Abigail Muro1, Nicole Senft Everson1
1Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Journal of Palliative Medicine
|April 10, 2026
Summary
AI-generated images of palliative care (PC) and hospice care (HC) show few differences, potentially increasing public confusion between these services. Images often depict older, White patients and female providers, with limited caregiver inclusion.
Area of Science:
- Health Communication
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Medical Imaging Analysis
Background:
- AI-generated imagery impacts health communication and public perception.
- Palliative care (PC) and hospice care (HC) suffer from public misunderstanding and misperceptions.
- Evaluating AI portrayals of PC and HC is crucial for accurate health communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the characteristics of AI-generated images for palliative care (PC) and hospice care (HC).
- To identify differences and similarities in AI depictions of PC and HC.
Main Methods:
- Generated 240 images using three AI tools (ChatGPT, DreamStudio, Midjourney) with prompts for 'palliative care' and 'hospice care'.
- Coded images for setting, patient, provider, and caregiver characteristics.
- Analyzed code frequencies and compared differences across AI tools and prompts.
Main Results:
- AI images for PC more frequently showed medical settings and equipment compared to HC.
- Patients depicted were predominantly White, female, and older, rarely appearing ill or distressed.
- Providers were mostly female, though more racially diverse than patients; caregivers were rarely shown.
Conclusions:
- Limited differences between AI-generated PC and HC images may reinforce conflation of these services.
- Certain image features could create additional public misperceptions, particularly regarding caregiver roles.
- AI image generation requires careful consideration to ensure accurate and nuanced health communication.
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