SlSLAH2 mediates malate exudation and contributes to aluminum tolerance
Danhui Dong1, Congyang Jia1, Jialong Zhang1
1College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Nature Communications
|April 10, 2026
Summary
Tomato plants utilize a novel transcription-phosphorylation cascade involving SlSLAH2 to manage aluminum (Al3+) stress. This mechanism enhances malate exudation, crucial for plant survival in aluminum-rich soils.
Area of Science:
- Plant biology
- Molecular plant science
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Malate transporters are key to plant aluminum tolerance.
- In tomato, aluminum (Al3+) induces malate exudation despite inhibiting SlALMT.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Al3+-induced malate exudation in tomato.
- To identify key proteins and regulatory pathways involved in plant aluminum tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Gene expression analysis (SlWRKY37 induction of SlSLAH2).
- Protein interaction and phosphorylation assays (SlCDPK21, SlPP2C72, SlSLAH2).
- Gene knockout and in vitro enzymatic activity studies.
Main Results:
- SlSLAH2 transports malate and is essential for Al3+-induced malate exudation.
- SlCDPK21 phosphorylates SlSLAH2, while SlPP2C72 dephosphorylates it.
- Al3+ downregulates SlPP2C72 activity, promoting malate exudation.
Conclusions:
- A synergistic transcription-phosphorylation cascade involving SlSLAH2, SlCDPK21, and SlPP2C72 ensures robust malate exudation under Al3+ stress.
- This pathway provides a deeper understanding of plant aluminum tolerance mechanisms.
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