Ultrahigh strength magnesium via solidification of nanocolloid

We report a simple, scalable route to produce ultrahigh-strength magnesium (Mg) via solidification of a colloidal solution containing nanoscale niobium carbide (NbC) particles suspended in liquid magnesium (Mg(l)). A single-atom-level investigation reveals that NbC exhibits spontaneous wetting with molten Mg, driven by the formation of an ordered layer of Mg atoms strongly bonded to the carbon atoms on the NbC {001} surface. This creates Mg-coated NbC (Mg@NbC) particles in liquid Mg and is referred to as Mg(l)-Mg@NbC nanocolloid. This unique and spontaneous wetting behaviour enables uniform nanoparticle dispersion in the molten Mg without external fields, and in the solidified Mg matrix without the need for thermomechanical processing. The resulting NbC dispersoids act as coherent, hard reinforcement phases, significantly strengthening the Mg matrix. As a result, the Mg-NbC material exhibits ultrahigh tensile strength and stiffness, surpassing those of all previously reported Mg alloy systems.