Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

Teaching the next generation of physicians: Evaluating addiction medicine curriculum interventions across two U.S.

Madison Walsh¹, Ilana Simon Greenberg², Jo Marie Reilly²

¹Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, University College of Human Medicine Lansing Campus Ringgold Standard Institution, Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Journal of Addictive Diseases

|April 11, 2026

Abstract

Background:

Over 48 million Americans were diagnosed with a substance use disorder in 2023. However, only 4.5% of individuals with addiction received treatment. To effectively treat people with substance use disorders, comprehensive addiction medicine education should be required in all medical schools.

Objectives:

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an addiction medicine curriculum intervention across two universities.

Methods:

Students at Michigan State University (College of Human Medicine and College of Osteopathic Medicine) (MSU) and Keck School of Medicine (KSOM) of University of Southern California (USC), were surveyed before and after taking two- and four- week addiction medicine electives. The ten-question Likert scale survey assessed attitudes toward addiction and addiction treatment. In both MSU AND USC cohorts, pre and post scores were matched for analysis. The paired t-test and sign rank tests were used to compare pre- vs. post-test scores within schools and combined. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was employed to compare pre-post change in scores between universities. Significance was determined at p < 0.05.

Results:

There were 251 respondents. Significant within-group improvements were observed in seven of the ten questions. MSU showed significant change in seven questions, while USC showed significant change in four questions. Between-group comparisons showed that MSU and USC significantly differed on both pretest responses and post-test responses.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the addiction medicine curriculum did have an impact at both schools, but the differences need to be further studied.

Keywords:

Addiction medicine addiction education medical curriculum substance use disorder undergraduate medical education

More Related Videos

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

Published on: January 29, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...

Drug Dependence

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Preparing Medical Students to Address Food Insecurity in Their Patients Through a Service-Learning and Community Engagement Project.

Journal of medical education and curricular development·2026

The social context of drinking and its association with days of heavy episodic drinking in the past month among a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2021-23.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)·2026

PURSUIT Protocol: Development of a Novel Approach to Managing Youth Physical and Mental Health in Schools.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Estimating the transition from alcohol drinking onset to alcohol dependence within the first year of use in the United States, 2002-2019.

Journal of substance use·2025

Primary Care Senior Seminar: An Advanced Skills, Leadership, and Career Training Model.

Journal of medical education and curricular development·2025

Service-Learning Through Community-Based Exercise Teaching Enhances Medical Students' Exercise Knowledge, Counseling Confidence, and Habits.

American journal of lifestyle medicine·2024

See all related articles