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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Efficient and Robust Software for Automated Fusion of Multiple Preclinical Imaging Modalities
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How processing choices effect repeatability in BOLD-CVR imaging.

Gustav Magnusson1,2, Alex A Bhogal3, Charalampos Georgiopoulos2,4

  • 1Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|April 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) quantification requires careful processing. Optimal methods vary by paradigm, impacting repeatability and guiding researchers toward consistent, reliable CVR analysis.

Keywords:
BOLD–MRICO2 inhalationbreath-holdcerebrovascular reactivityresting-state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Clinical Biomarkers
  • Cerebrovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is a key clinical biomarker.
  • Accurate CVR quantification is essential but challenging due to methodological variability.
  • Lack of a gold standard complicates CVR measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the impact of different processing strategies on CVR map repeatability.
  • To provide practical insights for consistent CVR data analysis across studies.
  • To guide researchers in optimizing CVR quantification methods.

Main Methods:

  • BOLD-CVR imaging was performed on 24 healthy volunteers.
  • Multiple CVR paradigms were used: CO2 inhalation, breath-hold, and resting-state.
  • Test-retest imaging was conducted to assess repeatability using spatial intraclass correlation.

Main Results:

  • Optimal CVR processing strategies differed across paradigms.
  • Processing choices, such as motion confound inclusion and temporal filtering, significantly affected repeatability.
  • Interactions between processing steps influenced CVR map consistency.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological choices in CVR data processing critically impact repeatability.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for ensuring reliable and consistent CVR measurements.
  • This study offers practical guidance for researchers to improve CVR analysis consistency.