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Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

American Trypanosomiasis

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...

Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

Published on: July 27, 2010

Brain Involvement in Leishmaniasis.

Camila S Freitas¹, Eduardo A F Coelho^1,2, Myron Christodoulides³

¹Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo, Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Cell Biochemistry and Function

|April 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, can affect the brain. This review highlights evidence of Leishmania parasites invading the central nervous system in humans and dogs.

Keywords:

Leishmania blood‐brain barrier blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier brain canine cutaneous human inflammation leishmaniasis visceral

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

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Published on: July 27, 2010

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

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Investigating the Phagocytosis of Leishmania using Confocal Microscopy

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Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Neuroscience

Background:

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, presenting a broad clinical spectrum.
While not classically recognized, neurological manifestations can occur in leishmaniasis.
Canine leishmaniasis serves as a crucial model for understanding disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in human and canine leishmaniasis.
To explore the role of animal models in studying cerebral Leishmania infections.
To examine the mechanisms of Leishmania invasion and associated neuropathology.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical descriptions and scientific literature on leishmaniasis.
Analysis of studies investigating brain involvement in both human and canine cases.
Examination of data from animal models of cerebral Leishmania infection.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests Leishmania parasites can invade the CNS in both humans and dogs.
Studies in dogs demonstrate disruption of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers.
The inflammatory response within the brain during Leishmania infection is characterized.

Conclusions:

Neurological involvement is an underappreciated aspect of leishmaniasis.
Canine leishmaniasis provides valuable insights into brain pathogenesis.
Further research is needed to fully understand and manage CNS complications of leishmaniasis.