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Mateo López-Trujillo1, Sara María Gómez-Restrepo1, Sebastián Hoyos-Sanabria2

  • 1Estudiante programa de Medicina. Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia.. mltez2002@gmail.com.

Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
|April 11, 2026
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Eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia nerviosa are serious mental illnesses. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, but novel pharmacological strategies are needed, especially for anorexia nervosa.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Eating disorders (EDs) are severe mental illnesses with life-threatening consequences and challenging treatments.
  • Common EDs include anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder.
  • AN leads to severe caloric/nutrient deficits affecting multiple organ systems; BN causes dental erosion, esophageal tears, and cardiac dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To raise awareness among health professionals about key aspects of comprehensive and effective ED treatment.
  • To review current understanding and treatment modalities for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review was conducted.
  • Systematic literature search in PubMed for publications between 2022 and 2024.

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Main Results:

  • EDs stem from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
  • Standard treatment includes lifestyle counseling, nutritional rehabilitation (for AN), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, and limited-evidence pharmacotherapy.
  • Both AN and BN significantly impact psychosocial, economic, and occupational functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Current pharmacological treatments for EDs, particularly AN, have limited efficacy.
  • Further rigorous scientific research is necessary to develop more effective and novel pharmacological interventions for these disorders.