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Glycocalyx and its Functions

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.

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Dehydration Synthesis

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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Model System for Investigating Glycocalyx-Relevant Hydration Phenomena.

Julia M Börke^1,2, Holger Rothe¹, Levin Dobler^1,3

¹Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V. Rosenhof, 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new spectroscopic method precisely measures water states on thin films. This technique reveals how water exclusion and sulfation influence protein adsorption on artificial glycocalyx surfaces.

Keywords:

Glycosaminoglycans Infrared Spectroscopy Intermediate water Nonfreezing water PM-IRRAS Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Protein adsorption

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High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Surface science
Spectroscopy
Biomaterials

Background:

Understanding water's role at interfaces is crucial for biomaterial design.
Artificial glycocalyx platforms mimic biological surfaces for studying interactions.
Controlling and characterizing interfacial water states remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish an interface-sensitive spectroscopic method for quantifying water states on thin films.
To investigate hydration effects on protein adsorption using a glycocalyx-inspired model.
To develop a reproducible technique for characterizing hydration in thin film systems.

Main Methods:

Utilized polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS).
Employed a custom-built temperature- and humidity-controlled measurement chamber.
Assembled artificial glycocalyx-inspired polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) from chitosan and glycosaminoglycans with varied sulfation.

Main Results:

Successfully detected and quantified different water structures (nonfreezing, intermediate, free water) at interfaces.
Demonstrated high precision and reproducibility in characterizing interfacial water states.
Correlated protein adsorption with free water exclusion and sulfation-dependent electrostatic interactions.

Conclusions:

Protein adsorption is influenced by the exclusion of free water at the interface.
Surface sulfation plays a key role in electrostatic interactions and protein binding.
The developed technique and model system advance the study of hydration-mediated biomaterial interactions.
The method is transferable to various thin films for applications in antifouling and drug delivery.