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Internet-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in Preschool Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity

Masako Kawasaki1,2, Keita Matsumoto3, Risa Sakayori4

  • 1United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Child Psychiatry and Human Development
|April 11, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Internet-delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT) significantly reduced disruptive behaviors in preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This online intervention also improved parental stress and confidence.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Therapy
  • Telehealth Interventions

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young children leads to significant behavioral challenges.
  • Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an established parenting program, but access can be limited.
  • Internet-delivered PCIT (I-PCIT) offers a potential solution to increase accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of I-PCIT for 4-5-year-old children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To assess the impact of I-PCIT on disruptive behaviors, ADHD symptoms, and parental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial with 46 participants assigned to I-PCIT or treatment as usual.
  • Data collected at baseline, 16 weeks, and 22 weeks.
  • Primary outcome: disruptive behavior severity (Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory); secondary outcomes: ADHD symptoms, parenting stress, depression, parenting behavior, and confidence.

Main Results:

  • The I-PCIT group demonstrated significantly reduced disruptive behaviors at 16 weeks (p < .001).
  • Improvements were observed in parental stress (p = .002) and parenting confidence (p < .001) for the I-PCIT group.
  • No significant improvements in ADHD symptoms were directly associated with the I-PCIT intervention.

Conclusions:

  • I-PCIT is an effective intervention for reducing disruptive behaviors in preschool children with ADHD.
  • The findings support the efficacy of I-PCIT for Japanese children with ADHD.
  • I-PCIT positively impacts parental stress and confidence, enhancing the parent-child relationship.

Keywords:
ADHDInternet-based interventionParent–Child Interaction TherapyPreschool childrenRandomized controlled trial

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