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All Incompatible Sets of Measurements Can Generate Nonlocality Using Quantum Inputs.
Andrés F Ducuara1,2,3,4, Patryk Lipka-Bartosik5,6, Cristian E Susa7
1Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 637371 Singapore, Singapore.
Physical Review Letters
|April 11, 2026
Summary
All incompatible measurement sets can generate quantum nonlocality when quantum inputs are used in an extended Bell scenario. This reveals hidden nonlocality, with extractable amounts limited by measurement incompatibility.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Theory
- Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
- Quantum Correlations
Background:
- Bell nonlocality arises from incompatible measurements on spatially separated systems.
- However, not all incompatible measurements yield Bell nonlocality; some produce only local correlations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate that all incompatible measurement sets can generate nonlocality.
- To investigate the role of quantum inputs in revealing hidden nonlocality.
- To establish an upper bound for extractable nonlocality.
Main Methods:
- Introduction of a novel concept: generalized sets of measurements.
- Analysis of Bell scenarios with quantum, rather than classical, measurement inputs.
- Mathematical proof for the generation of nonlocality across all incompatible measurement sets.
Main Results:
- All sets of incompatible measurements can generate nonlocality in an extended Bell scenario with quantum inputs.
- Incompatible-local measurement sets exhibit a form of hidden nonlocality.
- The maximum extractable nonlocality is bounded by the degree of measurement incompatibility.
Conclusions:
- The extended Bell scenario with quantum inputs provides a universal framework for observing nonlocality.
- This work unifies the study of different measurement scenarios and reveals inherent nonlocality in all incompatible sets.
- A fundamental limit on extractable nonlocality is established, directly linked to measurement incompatibility.
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