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Related Concept Videos

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrolysis03:00

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electrochemical Cells01:28

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Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
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Fabrication of VB2/Air Cells for Electrochemical Testing
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Highly Reversible Aqueous Anode-Free Cadmium-Bromine Batteries.

Xun Zhao1, Yilong Zhu1, Qianru Chen1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cadmium anodes enable stable, high-utilization aqueous batteries, outperforming zinc. The new cadmium-bromine system offers superior energy density and longevity for advanced battery applications.

Keywords:
Br‐based cathodeCd metal anodeLiCl additiveaqueous anode‐free batterieshigh anode utilization

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous anode-free zinc batteries face challenges like dendritic growth and low utilization (<20%).
  • Cadmium (Cd), a zinc analogue, offers potential for improved anode performance.
  • Developing stable, high-energy aqueous batteries is crucial for next-generation energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare zinc and cadmium anodes in aqueous media.
  • To demonstrate the first aqueous anode-free cadmium-bromine (Cd-Br) battery.
  • To enhance the performance of anode-free Cd-Br batteries through electrolyte modification.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative electrochemical analysis of Zn and Cd anodes in aqueous electrolytes.
  • Fabrication and testing of anode-free Cd-Br and Zn-Br coin and pouch cells.
  • Electrolyte engineering by introducing LiCl to the CdSO4 electrolyte to modify the Cd2+ solvation shell.

Main Results:

  • Cadmium anodes exhibited dendrite-free deposition, suppressed side reactions, and stable cycling up to 75% utilization.
  • Anode-free Cd-Br coin cells achieved 87.6% capacity retention after 2000 cycles.
  • Scaled-up anode-free Cd-Br pouch cells demonstrated 83.8% retention after 1250 cycles with 157 Wh kg−1 energy density.

Conclusions:

  • Cadmium is a superior anode material compared to zinc for aqueous anode-free batteries.
  • The developed aqueous anode-free Cd-Br battery offers high energy density and exceptional cycling stability.
  • This work establishes anode-free Cd-Br chemistry as a promising platform for high-performance aqueous batteries.