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Effectiveness of a nurse-led health belief model-based educational intervention for reducing smartphone addiction in
Amal Hashem Mohamed1, Salman Hamdan Alsaqri2, Mostafa Shaban3
1Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Nursing Department, North Private College of Nursing, Arar, Northern Border, Saudi Arabia.
Background:
Smartphone addiction is an emerging behavioral concern among adolescents affecting their well-being. Nurse-led interventions grounded in behavioral theories like the Health Belief Model (HBM) offer promising strategies for prevention and reduction smartphone addcition. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of a nurse-led educational intervention, based on the HBM, on reducing smartphone addiction among adolescents.
Design:
Randomized controlled trial was conducted with 200 adolescents aged 13-16 in Egypt. Participants were randomly assigned to either study group (n = 100), which received five structured nurse-led educational sessions based on HBM constructs, or a control group (n = 100), which received no additional education beyond the standard curriculum. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention using validated tools (Smartphone Addiction Inventory, knowledge assessments, and HBM-based scales). Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and linear regression.
Results:
The intervention group demonstrated a significant decrease in smartphone addiction levels, from 85% at baseline to 32% post-intervention (p < 0.001). All HBM subscale scores (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy) significantly improved in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Regression analysis identified age, sex, parental education, economic status, and daily smartphone use as significant predictors of addiction risk (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
A nurse-led, HBM-based educational intervention was effective in reducing smartphone addiction, improving adolescents' knowledge and health beliefs. These findings underscore the value of theory-driven, school-based programs in addressing adolescents' digital overuse.
Practice Implications:
Pediatric nurses are well-positioned to lead preventive educational interventions on smartphone addiction into routine school health services during critical adolescent stage.
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