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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.3K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.3K
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

8.0K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
8.0K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

3.5K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
3.5K
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

3.3K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
3.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

3.6K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
3.6K
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

892
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
892

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

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Spin-polarized edge modes between different magnet-superconductor-hybrids.

Felix Zahner1, Felix Nickel2, Roberto Lo Conte3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 11, Hamburg, Germany. felix.zahner@uni-hamburg.de.

Nature Communications
|April 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers combined two magnetic-superconductor hybrids to discover spin-polarized edge modes at their interface. This finding opens new avenues for engineering exotic electronic states in topological materials.

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • The interaction between magnetism and superconductivity can create novel emergent phenomena.
  • Topological superconductors exhibit unique edge states with potential for quantum applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the properties of interfaces between two different two-dimensional antiferromagnetic magnet-superconductor hybrids (MSH).
  • To explore the emergence of spin-polarized low-energy modes at the boundary of these MSHs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy to probe the electronic properties of MSHs.
  • Developed a tight-binding model to interpret experimental observations and complex band structures.

Main Results:

  • Both MSHs exhibited characteristics of topological nodal point superconductivity with edge modes.
  • Observed spin-polarized low-energy modes at the interface between the two distinct MSHs.
  • Demonstrated that asymmetric lateral decay in the complex band structure leads to spin-polarized edge modes.

Conclusions:

  • Interfaces between distinct topological nodal point superconductors can be engineered to host spin-polarized edge modes.
  • These engineered edge modes connect topological nodal points and are robust against boundary spin details.
  • The study provides a platform for designing novel quantum states through heterostructure engineering.