Electrospun bi-layer carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/polycaprolactone nanofibers: fabrication, degradation,...

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used to fabricate CMC/PVA/GA nanofibers (PNCMC) and polycaprolactone and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers (PNPCL-CMC) nanofibers via electrospinning. PVA solutions at concentrations of 5, 6, 10, and 15% [Formula: see text], and CMC solutions at concentration of 1 and 2% [Formula: see text] were mixed with different volume ratios of PVA: CMC (1:1, 4:6, 3:7, 6:4, and 7:3). The 10% [Formula: see text] PVA mixed with 1% [Formula: see text] CMC at a 6:4 ratio yielded the best electrospinning performance. The addition of glutaraldehyde (GA) to the solutions improved fiber uniformity by promoting cross-linking. A bi-layer PNPCL-CMC nano-composite was subsequently developed by adding the PNCMC onto electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers (PNPCL). The active pharmaceutical ingredient of phenytoin sodium (PHT) was incorporated into the polymer solution and electrospun to prepare drug-loaded nanofibers. The average fiber diameters ranged from 100 to 500 nm. The degradation and swelling ratio of each layer were studied independently. After 30 days, 93.6% of PNCMC and 33.7% of PNPCL were degraded in phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7). The maximum swelling ratio for PNCMC (311.9%) was observed after 7 days, whereas the maximum swelling ratio for PNPCL (105%) was reported after 5 days. According to contact angel results, the bi-layer composite of superhydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PCL nano-fibers offering high potential for wound dressing. Phenytoin release kinetics were evaluated using seven mathematical models including zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Baker-Lonsdale and the results were analyzed by comparing R² and Akaike information criterion (AIC). The Baker-Lonsdale model provided the best fit(R² = 0.9822 and AIC=-34.8275), for phenytoin release from PNPCL-CMC. Therefore, it can be concluded the bi-layer PNPCL-CMC nanofibrous composite demonstrates controlled phenytoin release and exhibits favorable degradation, swelling and wettability properties, indicating its strong potential for wound dressing applications.