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Related Concept Videos

Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

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Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
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Singularity Functions for Shear01:26

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In structural analysis, singularity functions are crucial in simplifying the representation of shear forces in beams under discontinuous loading. These functions describe discontinuous  variations in shear force across a beam with varying loads by using a single mathematical expression, regardless of the complexity of the loading conditions. The singularity functions are derived from creating a free-body diagram of the beam and then making conceptual cuts at specific points to examine the...
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Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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Related Experiment Videos

A zero-knowledge enabled dynamic sharding architecture for scalable decentralized smart contract execution in IOT

Kashif Aman1, Atiq Ur Rehman1, Fahad Masood1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Scientific Reports
|April 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel system using dynamic sharding and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) for scalable, secure transactions in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and IoT. The framework significantly enhances throughput and reduces latency compared to traditional systems.

Keywords:
Blockchain shardingDynamic load balancingHigh-throughput distributed ledgersInternet of vehiclesPrivacy-preserving authenticationSecure and private transactionsZero-knowledge proofs

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Distributed Systems

Background:

  • Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and IoT environments demand decentralized platforms for high transaction volumes, security, and privacy.
  • Traditional blockchain systems face limitations in scalability, trust, and performance for these demanding applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel reputation-aware, dynamically sharded smart contract system leveraging zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP).
  • To address scalability, security, and privacy challenges in decentralized IoV and IoT environments.
  • To enhance transaction processing capabilities beyond traditional blockchain limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a dynamically sharded smart contract architecture.
  • Integration of zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) based verification for enhanced privacy.
  • Incorporation of reputation-based leader selection and adaptive shard scheduling.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework achieves linear scalability up to approximately 1000 transactions per second (tps), significantly outperforming Enhanced Fabric (140-150 tps) and Ethereum (15-20 tps).
  • Demonstrates average latency under 500 ms at 1000 tps, compared to over 8000 ms for baseline approaches.
  • Achieves a transaction success rate consistently above 97%, with a 40-50% reduction in computation overhead and 45-50% reduction in communication costs.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic combination of ZKP, dynamic sharding, decentralized smart contracts, and reputation-aware control offers a scalable, efficient, and secure solution.
  • The framework is well-suited for high-throughput applications in IoT and IoV environments.
  • This approach effectively overcomes the performance and security bottlenecks of conventional blockchain systems.