Neuromuscular Control and Motor Performance Across the Menstrual Cycle in Physically Active Young Females

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology
• Women's Health

Background:

• Understanding menstrual cycle effects on female athletes is crucial for optimizing training and injury prevention.
• Previous research shows varied impacts of hormonal fluctuations on physical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate menstrual cycle-related changes in neuromuscular control and motor performance in physically active young females.
• To assess the potential influence of cycle phases on injury risk factors.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-two physically active females with regular cycles were assessed in follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases.
• Evaluated parameters included countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), postural control, ankle range of motion (ROM), and isokinetic strength.
• Statistical analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA or Friedman tests.

Main Results:

• Significant increases in maximum concentric flexion strength (p=0.003) and ankle ROM (p=0.043) were observed across cycle phases.
• Concentric flexion strength rose significantly from the follicular to luteal phase (+7.4%).
• CMJ, SJ, and postural control showed no significant changes throughout the menstrual cycle.

Conclusions:

• Neuromuscular and motor performance are largely consistent across the menstrual cycle in young, active females.
• Observed fluctuations in strength and flexibility appear to have limited functional relevance for overall performance and injury risk.
• Individual responses and specific injury risks may still warrant further investigation.