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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

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Exploring Grassroots Indicators for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response: A Systematic Narrative Review.

Million Tesfaye Eshete1, Pami Shrestha2, Charmaine Ang3

  • 1Centre for Sustainable Healthcare Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

International Journal of Health Policy and Management
|April 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Grassroots-inclusive indicators enhance public health by incorporating community perspectives alongside expert knowledge. While effective in various fields, their application to health security and pandemic preparedness remains unexplored.

Keywords:
Bottom-up ApproachCommunity EngagementGrassroots IndicatorsHealth SecurityPandemic PreparednessParticipatory Approaches

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Metrics
  • Community-Based Research

Background:

  • Conventional top-down indicators often neglect community realities during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • This highlights a recurring limitation in global health security and social metrics.
  • Grassroots-inclusive approaches offer an alternative paradigm for indicator development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess how grassroots-inclusive indicator development complements traditional top-down methods.
  • To synthesize the theoretical and practical contributions of inclusive indicator approaches to public health.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Systematic searches of six databases and Google Scholar were performed up to September 1, 2024.
  • Peer-reviewed articles, opinion pieces, and book chapters were included and narratively synthesized.

Main Results:

  • 43 studies across diverse disciplines were reviewed, showing community co-production of indicators.
  • Participatory methods like workshops and consensus exercises were used in areas including public health and environmental sustainability.
  • Strengths included local relevance and ownership, but challenges involved sustained participation and integration with top-down systems. No studies applied these indicators to health security or pandemic preparedness.

Conclusions:

  • No studies specifically applied grassroots-inclusive indicators to health security or pandemic preparedness.
  • Integrating expert and non-expert perspectives in indicator development is feasible and practical.