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Opioid Use During Pregnancy Among Individuals With Disabilities.

Andi Camden1, Susan B Brogly2, Tara Gomes3

  • 1Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada; Edwin SH Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Canada.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid use during pregnancy is higher for individuals with disabilities, with longer duration and higher doses. Enhanced preconception care and non-pharmacologic pain management are recommended for this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Disability Studies
  • Pharmacoepidemiology

Background:

  • Opioid use during pregnancy presents risks to both parent and child.
  • Understanding prevalence and trends in opioid use among pregnant individuals with disabilities is crucial.
  • Disparities in healthcare access and pain management may influence opioid use patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and time trends of opioid use during pregnancy.
  • To analyze patterns of opioid use before and during pregnancy in individuals with and without disabilities.
  • To identify specific disability groups with higher opioid use during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada (2013-2021).
  • Included pregnancies of individuals with physical, sensory, intellectual/developmental, and multiple disabilities, and those without disabilities.
  • Estimated prevalence, time trends, and described patterns of opioid use by type, timing, duration, and dose.

Main Results:

  • Opioid use during pregnancy was more common in individuals with multiple (10.5%), intellectual/developmental (8.9%), and physical disabilities (8.3%) compared to those without (3.9%).
  • Prevalence decreased from 2013-2021 across all groups, but remained higher for those with disabilities.
  • Opioid use duration and dosage were higher in individuals with disabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal disability is linked to increased opioid use, longer duration, and higher dosages during pregnancy.
  • Individuals with disabilities may benefit from improved preconception care, including medication counseling.
  • Non-pharmacologic pain management strategies should be prioritized for pregnant individuals with disabilities.